📌 先看这里：这一课讲什么
- salesman/saleswoman、policeman/policewoman 这类按性别分开的旧式职业词，现在正式场合更常用中性说法（police officer、sales assistant）——两种都收，方便你听懂两种说法。
- 收录 Cambridge Preliminary（B1）官方词表「Work and Jobs」主题里描述具体职业身份的单词（求职、职场相关的抽象词汇收在下一篇《45 求职与职场词汇》）。
- 涵盖专业人士（architect、engineer、lawyer）、公共服务职业（firefighter、police officer、postman）和创作类职业（novelist、poet、photographer），每个词配一个常用搭配。
- 学完能准确说出各行各业的英文名称，也能听懂自我介绍里的职业描述。
重点内容
| 英文 | 音标 | 中文 | 例句 | 常用搭配 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| architect | /ˈɑːkɪtekt/ | 建筑师 | She's training to be an architect. | a professional architect |
| artist | /ˈɑːtɪst/ | 艺术家 | He's a talented artist. | a talented artist |
| babysitter | /ˈbeɪbisɪtə(r)/ | 临时保姆 | We hired a babysitter for the evening. | hire a babysitter |
| banker | /ˈbæŋkə(r)/ | 银行家 | Her father is a successful banker. | a successful banker |
| barber | /ˈbɑːbə(r)/ | 理发师（男） | He gets his hair cut by the same barber every month. | visit the barber |
| boss | /bɒs/ | 老板 | My boss gave me the day off. | ask my boss |
| businessman | /ˈbɪznəsmæn/ | 商人（男） | He's a successful businessman. | a successful businessman |
| businesswoman | /ˈbɪznəswʊmən/ | 女商人 | She's a well-known businesswoman. | a well-known businesswoman |
| butcher | /ˈbʊtʃə(r)/ | 屠夫；肉贩 | We bought some lamb from the butcher. | buy meat from the butcher |
| cameraman | /ˈkæmrəmæn/ | 摄影师（影视） | The cameraman filmed the whole match. | a skilled cameraman |
| captain | /ˈkæptɪn/ | 队长；船长 | He's the captain of the football team. | team captain |
| cleaner | /ˈkliːnə(r)/ | 清洁工 | The cleaner comes twice a week. | hire a cleaner |
| customs officer | /ˈkʌstəmz ˌɒfɪsə(r)/ | 海关官员 | The customs officer checked our bags. | a strict customs officer |
| designer | /dɪˈzaɪnə(r)/ | 设计师 | She's a fashion designer in Milan. | a fashion designer |
| detective | /dɪˈtektɪv/ | 侦探 | The detective solved the case quickly. | a private detective |
| director | /dəˈrektə(r)/ | 导演；主管 | He's the director of the new film. | a film director |
| diver | /ˈdaɪvə(r)/ | 潜水员 | The diver explored the sunken ship. | a professional diver |
| engineer | /ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)/ | 工程师 | She works as a software engineer. | a software engineer |
| farmer | /ˈfɑːmə(r)/ | 农民 | The farmer grows rice and vegetables. | a local farmer |
| firefighter | /ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)/ | 消防员 | The firefighter rescued the cat from the tree. | a brave firefighter |
| guard | /gɑːd/ | 守卫 | The guard checked everyone's ID at the door. | a security guard at the door |
| judge | /dʒʌdʒ/ | 法官 | The judge gave his final decision. | a fair judge |
| king | /kɪŋ/ | 国王 | The king ruled the country for forty years. | the ruling king |
| lawyer | /ˈlɔɪə(r)/ | 律师 | She hired a lawyer for the case. | hire a lawyer |
| lecturer | /ˈlektʃərə(r)/ | 讲师 | He's a lecturer at the local university. | a university lecturer |
| librarian | /laɪˈbreəriən/ | 图书管理员 | The librarian helped me find the book. | ask the librarian |
| manager | /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/ | 经理 | She was promoted to manager last year. | promoted to manager |
| novelist | /ˈnɒvəlɪst/ | 小说家 | He's a famous novelist from Malaysia. | a famous novelist |
| officer (e.g. prison/police) | /ˈɒfɪsə(r)/ | 官员；警官 | The officer directed the traffic. | a police officer |
| photographer | /fəˈtɒgrəfə(r)/ | 摄影师 | She's a wedding photographer. | a wedding photographer |
| poet | /ˈpəʊɪt/ | 诗人 | He's one of the country's greatest poets. | a famous poet |
| police officer | /pəˈliːs ˌɒfɪsə(r)/ | 警官 | The police officer asked for my ID. | ask a police officer |
| policeman | /pəˈliːsmən/ | 男警察 | The policeman helped us find our way. | a young policeman |
| policewoman | /pəˈliːswʊmən/ | 女警察 | The policewoman stopped the car. | a female policewoman |
| porter | /ˈpɔːtə(r)/ | 搬运工；门房 | The porter carried our bags to the room. | call the porter |
| postman | /ˈpəʊstmən/ | 邮差 | The postman delivers letters every morning. | the local postman |
| president | /ˈprezɪdənt/ | 总统；总裁 | She's the president of the company. | company president |
| professor | /prəˈfesə(r)/ | 教授 | He's a professor of economics. | a university professor |
| programmer | /ˈprəʊgræmə(r)/ | 程序员 | She works as a programmer for a tech company. | a computer programmer |
| publisher | /ˈpʌblɪʃə(r)/ | 出版商 | The publisher accepted her first novel. | find a publisher |
| queen | /kwiːn/ | 女王 | The queen visited the new hospital. | the reigning queen |
| receptionist | /rɪˈsepʃənɪst/ | 接待员 | The receptionist welcomed us with a smile. | ask the receptionist |
| reporter | /rɪˈpɔːtə(r)/ | 记者 | The reporter interviewed the mayor. | a news reporter |
| sailor | /ˈseɪlə(r)/ | 水手 | Her grandfather was a sailor in the navy. | a navy sailor |
| sales assistant | /ˈseɪlz əˌsɪstənt/ | 销售员 | The sales assistant helped me choose a gift. | ask the sales assistant |
| salesman | /ˈseɪlzmən/ | 男销售员 | He works as a salesman for a car company. | a car salesman |
| saleswoman | /ˈseɪlzwʊmən/ | 女销售员 | She's the top saleswoman in the company. | the top saleswoman |
| scientist | /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ | 科学家 | The scientist published her research last month. | a leading scientist |
| secretary | /ˈsekrətri/ | 秘书 | His secretary organises all his meetings. | a personal secretary |
| security guard | /sɪˈkjʊərəti gɑːd/ | 保安 | The security guard checked our bags at the entrance. | hire a security guard |
| singer | /ˈsɪŋə(r)/ | 歌手 | She's a famous singer in Asia. | a famous singer |
| soldier | /ˈsəʊldʒə(r)/ | 士兵 | Her brother is a soldier in the army. | a brave soldier |
| taxi driver | /ˈtæksi ˌdraɪvə(r)/ | 出租车司机 | The taxi driver knew a shortcut. | ask the taxi driver |
| travel agent | /ˈtrævl ˌeɪdʒənt/ | 旅行社职员 | The travel agent booked our whole trip. | book through a travel agent |
📌 *police officer*（中性、正式）比 *policeman/policewoman*（按性别区分）更常用于现代书面英语，写作时优先用中性说法。
Sources
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